Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna): An Ayurvedic Hridya Drug with Contemporary Cardioprotective Potential

Abstract

Arjuna is an important medicinal tree extensively used in Ayurveda, particularly for disorders of the heart and cardiovascular system. It is botanically identified as Terminalia arjuna Wight and Arn. and belongs to the family Combretaceae. The stem bark is the principal medicinally used part. According to Ayurvedic pharmacology, Arjuna possesses Kashaya Rasa, Laghu and Ruksha Guna, Katu Vipaka and predominantly Shita Virya, although some classical authorities describe it as Ushna. Its most distinctive action is Hridya, attributed to Prabhava. It is also described as Vranahara, Artighna, Bhagnasandhanakara, Raktapittahara, Medohara and Asthisandhanaka. Classical indications include Hridroga, Medoroga, Prameha, Trishna, Arti, Bhagna, Urakshata, Kshaya and Raktapitta. Important constituents include hydrolysable tannins, triterpenoid saponins, arjunolic acid, arjunic acid, ellagic acid, beta-sitosterol and minerals. Experimental studies cited in the source suggest cardiotonic, antihyperlipidaemic, antioxidant, antihyperglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antinociceptive and antimicrobial effects. This review presents the botanical identity, pharmacognosy, Ayurvedic properties, classical therapeutic uses, formulations, phytochemical profile and research evidence of Arjuna. Although its traditional and experimental profile is promising, standardized preparations and clinically rigorous studies are required to establish disease-specific efficacy and long-term safety.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2394.6547.202210

How to cite this article:
Choubey A. Arjuna (Terminalia Arjuna): An Ayurvedic Hridya Drug with Contemporary Cardioprotective Potential. J Adv Res Ayur Yoga Unani Sidd Homeo. 2022;9(3&4): 14-19.