Challenges and Sustainable Practices in Vegetable Production: Strategies for Overcoming Environmental, Economic, and Technical Barriers

Abstract

Vegetable production is a critical component of global agriculture, providing essential nutrients and contributing to food security. As the world faces growing challenges related to climate change, resource scarcity, and increasing demand for food, the management and production of vegetables have become more complex. This review explores the key factors influencing vegetable production, including soil health, water management, pest and disease control, and crop breeding innovations. It highlights the role of sustainable farming practices such as agroecology, organic farming, and conservation tillage in improving environmental outcomes. Additionally, it examines technological advancements, such as precision agriculture, automated systems, and vertical farming, which are transforming the vegetable industry. While the sector faces challenges such as labor shortages and market volatility, these innovations offer promising solutions for sustainable and resilient vegetable production. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current trends in vegetable production and management, with a focus on strategies that ensure both high productivity and environmental sustainability.